YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO 2 (5)：Deleted Tribute Records to Later-HAN

3. Focus on "東觀漢記" Editors

We focus the editors of "東觀漢記", which was the official history of the Later HAN Dynasty. But there is already no original and copies of "東觀漢記" now. Therefore we will look at "Book of the Later HAN" edited by ≪范曄≫ who wrote it referring to "東觀漢記", which existed at 5th century still. We will focus the period from ≪靈帝≫(AD168-189) to "Emperor Xian" (AD189-220) of "Book of the Later HAN" and with a time series.

In the early (AD168-178) of ≪靈帝≫ period, "Jianning" and "Xiping" eras, the other editors existed. But they did not exist after. Here we focus especially "中平" (AD184-189), which is the last era of ≪靈帝≫, AD184-189. Because this period is most likely to bring the Queen HIMIKO tribute to the Later HAN Dynasty. It is just after WA-koku-TAIRAN and is at the last era of ≪靈帝≫, "中平" (AD184-189).

Five editors existed, especially for AD184-189.

≪韓說≫ (Han Shuo) * Eastern HAN

≪盧植≫ (LU ZHI)

≪蔡邕≫ (CAI YONG)

≪楊彪≫ (YANG BIAO)

≪馬日磾≫ (Ma Midi)


≪韓說≫  (Han Shuo) * Eastern HAN

[REF.韓說傳] 

＜Original＞ "韓說字叔儒會稽山陰人也。博通五經・・"
＜TRANS＞ "字, courtesy name" of ≪韓說≫ was ≪叔儒≫. He was ≪陰人≫ from ⫷會稽山⫸.


≪盧植≫  (LU ZHI)

[REF.盧植傳]

＜Original＞ "盧植字子幹涿郡涿人也。身長八尺二寸音聲如鍾。"
＜TRANS＞ The courtesy name of ≪盧植≫ was ≪子幹≫. He was ≪涿人≫ from ⫷涿郡⫸. His height was 195 cm. The voice was like a temple bell.

＜Original＞ "時皇后父大將軍竇武援立靈帝”
＜TRANS＞ After previous Emperor death, Empress's father, {大將軍} ≪竇武≫, followed up ≪靈帝≫.

＜Original＞ "熹平四年九江蠻反四府選植才兼文武拜九江太守蠻寇賓服・・會南夷反叛以植嘗在九江有恩信拜為廬江太守。"
＜TRANS＞ "熹平四年", Rebellion happened on ⫷九江⫸. ≪盧植≫ wielded both pen and sword, was selected. As a administrator of ⫷九江⫸, ≪盧植≫ depressed Rebellion. At ⫷廬江⫸ Rebellion, as a administrator of ⫷廬江⫸ evaluated the experiences for ⫷九江⫸, ≪盧植≫ depressed Rebellion.

＜Original＞ "歲餘復徵拜議郎與諫議大夫馬日磾、議郎蔡邕、楊彪、韓說等並在東觀・・"
＜TRANS＞ A few years later, ≪盧植≫ returned as {議郎}. ≪馬日磾≫ of {諫議大夫}, ≪蔡邕≫, ≪楊彪≫, ≪韓說≫ also existed in ⫷東觀⫸.


≪蔡邕≫  (CAI YONG)

[REF.蔡邕傳]

＜Original＞ "建寧三年辟司徒橋玄府・・召拜郎中校書東觀。"
＜TRANS＞ "建寧三年", ≪蔡邕≫ served the government office at "建寧三年" for the first time, AD170. He entered writing profession in ⫷東觀⫸.

＜Original＞ "熹平四年乃與五官・・光祿大夫楊賜、諫議大夫馬日磾、議郎張馴、韓說・・奏求正定六經文字。靈帝許之邕乃自書於碑使工鐫刻立於太學門外。"
＜TRANS＞ "熹平四年", ≪蔡邕≫ proposed to remake the words of the Jingdian with ≪楊賜≫, ≪張馴≫, ≪馬日磾≫, ≪韓說≫. ≪靈帝≫ permitted this. ≪蔡邕≫ wrote himself and the stone monuments were stood outside of ⫷太学門⫸.

＜Original＞ "邕前在東觀與盧植、韓說等撰補後漢記・・乃亡命江海遠跡吳會・・十二年在吳。"
＜TRANS＞ Before ≪蔡邕≫ arrived, ≪韓說≫ and ≪盧植≫ were the members of "東觀漢記" editors. … But he defected to ⫷吳⫸ as a refugee for twelve years.
＜Comment＞ But he defected to ⫷吳⫸ from the middle of "光和元年" to "中平六年". In this 12 years, he's not in the Royal Court and not the editor of "東觀漢記". But ≪蔡邕≫ returned to the Royal Court at AD189 SEP.


≪楊彪≫  (YANG BIAO)

[REF.楊彪傳] 

＜Original＞ "彪字文先少傳家學。"
＜TRANS＞ The courtesy name of ≪楊彪≫ was ≪文先≫. His family was southern.

＜Original＞ "熹平中以博習舊聞公車徵拜議郎遷侍中、京兆尹。"
＜TRANS＞ ≪楊彪≫ worked initially as {議郎} and worked {侍中} too.
＜Comment＞ 光祿大夫の楊賜の甥または姪婿とされる。

＜Original＞ "光和中黃門令王甫使門生於郡界辜榷官財物七千餘萬彪發其姦言之司隸。司隸校尉陽球因此奏誅甫天下莫不愜心｡"
＜TRANS＞ ≪楊彪≫ was a popular by exposing the bad works in the age of "光和" (Guanghe). He filled several local government officials.

＜Original＞ "徵還為侍中、五官中郎將遷潁川、南陽太守復拜侍中三遷永樂少府、太僕、衛尉。"
＜TRANS＞ He was enlisted and returned the court as {侍中}. He moved to ⫷潁川⫸ {南陽太守} as {五官中郎將}. He returned again the court as {侍中}. His job changed 3 times, {永樂少府}, {太僕}, {衛尉}.
※ ≪楊彪≫ returned to the Royal Court at AD189 SEP.


≪馬日磾≫ (Ma Midi)
≪馬日磾≫, who is also abbreviated ≪日磾≫, was the supreme commander {太尉}, when the Gold Seal and the Iron Sword were really presented to Queen HIMIKO from the Emperor of the Later-HAN Dynasty for "中平五年秋七月" - "中平六年春三月", which is mentioned later in "3.4". 

But ≪馬日磾≫ did not have the personal "馬日磾傳" himself. When the Gold Seal and the Iron Sword were actually arrived at Queen HIMIKO, ≪馬日磾≫ was the leader {太尉}, that is, a key-man. But there is not the personal "列伝" of ≪馬日磾≫ himself, that is, "馬日磾傳". This reminds us of the event, which {帶方太守} ≪弓遵≫ was killed by an insurgent in Cao WEI period later around AD245. {帶方太守} ≪弓遵≫ had been the leader of the spot delivery to transport the Gold Seal, the Iron Sword, 100 mirrors to Queen HIMIKO at AD240. 

When "東觀漢記" is repaired and re-edited, we thought to be that the idea, which makes the personal biography of ≪馬日磾≫, was given up due to strong opposition from ≪楊彪≫. ≪楊彪≫ was the chief editor, {錄尚書事}. Because when the works of ≪馬日磾≫, who was the leader of the presents to Queen HIMIKO, were listed up in the personal biography, "Presents to Queen HIMIKO" comes to the surface. 

As we have no other choice, the information of ≪馬日磾≫ are gathered from "本紀" (Annals of the Emperor and Empress) and "列伝" (personal Biographies) of others.

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