YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO : WAkoku-TAIRAN and Queen Age
YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO :
WAkoku-TAIRAN and Queen Age
＜preface＞
This book used the Modified-Chronology of "甕棺" coffins of the northern KYUSHU island at "弥生" (YAYOI) period in JAPAN.
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At AD1990, "宝満川の住血吸虫の安全宣言" (Declaration of Safety of Schistosoma in the HOMAN River of Japan) was announced. But reversely, here, we consider "what time did the schistosoma pollution of "宝満川" start?". It started at "弥生中期後半" (the late of Middle-YAYOI period in Japan). There were many large ruins on the both sides of in the HOMAN River JP until "弥生中期中頃" (the middle of Middle-YAYOI period) before. But later at the late of Middle-YAYOI period, all of the both sides ruins disappeared. The starting time of the schistosoma pollution of the HOMAN River JP is at "弥生中期後半" (AD146-183). And for a short period of "弥生中期後半" (AD146-183), intensively, large numbers of "甕棺墓" (jar coffin graves) by schistosomiasis occurred.
Another is the record of "倭國大亂" and Queen "卑彌呼" in old Chinese text. The right side of above figure is referred from "隈･西小田地区遺跡群、附編Ⅰ、p29". The left side is the Modified-Chronology, which is used in this book. The war-wound skeletons in "甕棺" coffins are fitted into "倭國大亂" period of "桓靈閒" (AD147-167). "立岩(古)" landed in "遠賀川" (ONGA River) with "木槨墓" (Wooden-Chamber Grave) and "鉄戈" (Iron Dagger-axe, Western Liaoning type) of "金海大成洞" (Gimhae Daesung-dong). The follows are the information about the Queen HIMIKO in Chinese text.
From "後漢書" (Book of the Later HAN) edited by "範燁" (Fan Ye),
"卷八十五" (Volume 85), "東夷列傳", "第七十五" (Chapter 75).
＜Original＞ "桓、靈閒,倭國大亂,更相攻伐,歴年無主｡"
＜TRANS＞ For "桓帝" (AD147-167, Emperor Huan) and "靈帝" (168-189, Emperor Ling) period of the Later HAN Dynasty, "倭國大亂" (Civil War of Wa or WA-koku Tairan) happened in "倭" (WA) of Japan. The peoples attacked each other. There was no leader in "倭" for "歴年" (several decades).
＜Original＞ "有一女子, 名曰卑彌呼, 年長不嫁, 事鬼神道能以妖惑衆, 於是共立爲。"
＜TRANS＞ There was a girl. Her name was "卑彌呼" (HIMIKO). She was a single after grown up. She used "鬼神道" and confused the peoples. HIMIKO was co-commended and enthroned.
From "三國志" (Records of the Three Kingdoms) edited by "陳壽" (Chen Shou),
"魏志" (Book of Wei) "卷三十" (Volume 30), "烏丸鮮卑東夷傳" (Biographies of the Wuhuan, Xianbei, and Dongyi), "倭人" (WA).
＜Original＞ "其國本亦,以男子為王,住七八十年,倭國亂相攻伐歴年"
＜TRANS＞ From AD57, the male king in "倭" governed for seventy or eighty years. "倭國亂" happened and attacked each other for 30-40 years.
＜Original＞ "乃共立一女子為王, 名曰卑彌呼, 事鬼道能惑衆, 年已長大無夫婿, 有男弟佐治國。"
＜TRANS＞ And a girl was co-commended and enthroned Queen. Her name was "卑彌呼". She used "鬼道" and confused the peoples. When she brought a tribute to "Cao WEI" at AD238, she was already elder and she was still single. She governed the country with the younger brother assistance.
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◆Cover Details
The cover photos is the each book . The right upper photo of the cover is the aspect of the watering to the cactus of plant interest. Because it is in a hothouse, the watering is carrying out by using the followed tool.
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about this book
The following five books of "YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO" SERIES are binding in this book.
◇SERIES 1 : WAkoku-TAIRAN and Queen enthrone
◇SERIES 2 : The Deleted Tribute Records to Later-HAN Dynasty
◇SERIES 3 : "針習" and "貝元" were not poisoned
◇SERIES 4 : Dazaifu Tenmangu in the 2nd and 3rd Century
◇SERIES 5 : Ever Burning Zoroaster's Fire
And this English Edition is the translation from the Japanese Edition,
"邪馬壹國 卑彌呼, 倭國大亂、そして女王時代".
The translation had been conducted by using the uniform words. If this English Edition are inexplicable, please see the Japanese Edition or the original books in "References". On the other hand, in the text, the Japanese characters are mixed as follow.
This pottery is excavated in "永岡" (NAGAOKA) Ruins.
Even this text is a little hard to read because of mixing the Japanese characters. But we respect the original. Because "永岡" (NAGAOKA) and "長岡" (NAGAOKA) are the different Japanese characters. But both of the pronunciation are the same "NAGAOKA". Therefore in this text, the Ruins name and relics name are used the Japanese characters according with the original excavation research reports
※ First of all, each [Remains] unfortunately are not left by the housing land creation and the road construction after the excavation. Current residents are not related to the [Remains] as the emerging residential area.
◆Summary
God's messenger, prophet St. Paul prophesied '福音' around A.D.60. In order to gain the God's power with learning that, I would like to prophesy something. And here, we focus Queen HIMIKO.
The Queen Himiko of YAMATAI-koku lived in the YOSHINOGARI Ruins of Japan and reigned for 65 years from A.D.183-248. A.D.146-183 before that is WAkoku-Tairan (Civil War of WA, "倭國大亂"). It is the same period as Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of the Eastern HAN Dynasty in China. The WAkoku-Tairan is a civil war between WA-NAkoku and WA-YAMATAIkoku within the "WA-koku" alliance. In terms of victory and defeat, WA-YAMATAIkoku was overwhelmingly defeated. And WAkoku-Tairan ended on the condition that Queen Himiko was co-incorporated. However, Queen Himiko was co-established from the losing side, WA-YAMATAIkoku.
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The left side of the photo is the war-wound skeleton of the WAkoku-Tairan. This skeleton is instant death by a single blow of the Iron-Halberd, "鉄戈". In addition, the right photo is an example of a headhunting skeleton. It seems that the decapitated and exposed headless, which was returned due to the truce of the WAkoku-Tairan, was placed in a Jar-Coffin for children and buried. Many such skeletons have been excavated. It seems that the WAkoku-Tairan was a fierce battle between large numbers of people.
In this book, we first look at the WAkoku-Tairan, which was the main reason for Queen HIMIKO's accession to the throne. The main battlefield of the WAkoku-Tairan was the west bank of the HOMAN River in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
Why did WA-NAkoku and WA-YAMATAIkoku, both in the same "WA-koku" alliance, start a civil war ? The cause was a schistosomiasis liver disease that suddenly appeared in the JP HOMAN River around AD 146. A large number of large ruins have been excavated in the paddy rice cultivation area along the banks of the JP HOMAN River before that time. But those were annihilated. The Schistosoma Pollution of the JP HOMAN River had continued for about 1,800 years until the 1980s. In the 1970s, at the confluence of the Chikugo River, which was the most contaminated area with schistosomiasis liver disease, the Chikugo Great Weir was constructed as a large-scale countermeasure against O. h. nosophora (Oncomelania hupensis nosophora), which is well known as intermediate hosts of Schistosoma Japonicum. (Oncomelania hupensis is also well known as intermediate hosts of the schistosoma in China.) And the Schistosoma Japonicum in the JP HOMAN River and the Chikugo Rivers were eradicated.
Om the other hand, it seems that the WAkoku-Tairan fought over the Starting-Point of schistosomiasis liver disease. It seems that the battle began as a result of a dispute over whether the Starting-Point was WA-NAkoku or WA-YAMATAIkoku. where is the Starting-Point ? what was the controversy? In the text, while reading the excavation report, we will tell two scenarios that face each other.
Next we look at the era of Queen Himiko. We will focus on the ruins on the west bank of the JP HOMAN River, which was the main battlefield of the WAkoku-Tairan. If you look at the ruins of the main battlefield, you may be able to get some clues as to why the queen was co-established from the losing side.
2022,September,23
◆Table of Contents
◆Cover Details
SERIES 1 : WAkoku-TAIRAN and Queen enthrone
◆Summary
1. In the beginning
1.1. Grouping of Remains
1.2. Revision Of Late-YAYOI Period
2. Old-Riverbed or Mouse
3. YOSHIGAURA "吉ヶ浦"
4. YUNOKI (CHIKUSHINO-city) "柚ノ木"
5. MIKASA-chiku "御笠地区"
5.1. Evidences Of Old-Riverbed
5.2．No paddy field
5.3．What E-chiku
5.4．Queen period and after
6. NAGAOKA KISHIMOTO "永岡岸元"
7. NAGAOKA "永岡"
7.1. NAGAOKA 1st
7.2. NAGAOKA 2nd
8. Starting-Point by Scenario
8.1. Scenario 1 (from ①)
8.2. Scenario 2 (from ②)
8.3. YUNOKI & DOJOYAMA is "立岩(古)"
8.4. TATEIWA(old) & Ⅱa-Ⅱc is same age
8.5. First landing is BC770 on Ashiya
8.6. Painted and "夜臼式" pottery
8.7. But lost in BC200-AD100
8.8. DOJOYAMA in hot spring town
8.9. Origin Of halberd in DOJOYAMA
8.10. Strange match with XIANBEI "鮮卑"
8.11. Wooden-Chamber Grave in YUNOKI
(ⅰ) What is Wooden-Chamber Grave
(ⅱ) Old grave in Early of Middle-YAYOI
(ⅲ) New grave in End of Middle-YAYOI
8.12. Scenario 2’(from ③)
9. WAkoku Tairan is Scenario 2
10. Indefinite War-wound skeleton
11. Headless and severe War-wound
11.1. NAGAOKA, 永岡
11.2. KUMA-NISHIODA-chiku "隈・西小田地区"
12. Definite and severe War-wound
12.1. [α] Incisura [left-Parietal-Bone] 2-K-491
12.2. [β] Incisura [right-Orbit-Upper-Border] 3-K-40
12.3. [γ] Depressed-Fracture [Forehead] 10-K-159
13. Time line
14. The story of Scenario 2
15. After, also Scenario 2
16. References
SERIES 2 : Deleted Tribute Records to Later-HAN
◆Summary
1. In the Beginning
1.1. Calendar
1.2. Words
2. Chinese Text about HIMIKO
2.1. "東觀漢記" (东观汉记)
2.2. Book of the Later HAN
2.3. Records of the Three Kingdoms
2.4. HIMIKO Enthroned
2.5. Iron Sword Inscribed "中平"
2.6. Lack of "靈帝" Record in "東觀漢記"
2.7. What happened in "靈帝" period
2.8. Why did Official Record lack
3. Focus on "東觀漢記" Editors
3.1. Emperor Ling, AD178-182
3.2. Emperor Ling, AD183
3.3. Emperor Ling, AD184-186
3.4. Emperor Ling, AD187-189
3.5. Emperor Xian, AD189-205
3.6. Emperor Xian, AD206-220
4. Extended Scenario by "Book of Wei"
4.1. "Gong-sun" Subjugation
4.2. "HIMIKO" Tribute at AD238
4.3. Gold Seal "親魏倭王" (Shingi Wao)
4.4. The Presented List
5. References
◆Appendix I. Calendar of "中平"
"光和元年" Guanghe 1st
"光和二年" Guanghe 2nd
"光和三年" Guanghe 3rd
"光和四年" Guanghe 4th
"光和五年" Guanghe 5th
"光和六年" Guanghe 6th
"中平元年" Zhongping 1st
"中平二年" Zhongping 2nd
"中平三年" Zhongping 3rd
"中平四年" Zhongping 4th
"中平五年" Zhongping 5th
"中平六年" Zhongping 6th
"初平元年"
Appendix II. Calendar of "景初"
SERIES 3 : "針習" and "貝元" were not poisoned
◆Summary
1. In the Beginning
2. "針習の遺跡群" (Ruins of HARISURI)
2.1. Upper-Paleolithic and JOMON period
2.1.1. "野黒坂" (NOGUROZAKA)
2.1.2. "峠山遺跡" (TOGEYAMA)
2.2. YAYOI period
2.2.1. "野黒坂" (NOGUROZAKA)
2.3. Late-KOFUN period
2.3.1. "野黒坂" (NOGUROZAKA)
2.3.2. "大曲り" (OMAGARI)
3. "貝元" (KAIMOTO)
3.1. Excavations by FUKUOKA-prefecture
3.2. Excavations by CHIKUSHINO-city
4. "道場山" (DOJOYAMA)
4.1. "道場山１地点" (DOJOYAMA 1st point)
4.2. "道場山２地点" (DOJOYAMA 2nd point)
5. Conclusions
6. References
SERIES 4 : Dazaifu Tenmangu in 2nd and 3rd Century
◆Summary
1. In the Beginning
2. "馬場" ＆ "奥園" in JOMON period
3. "天満宮" ＆ "浦ノ田" in JOMON period
4. Cylinder Seal Pottery in JOMON period
4.1. "宝満山23次" ＆ "原(筑紫野)"
4.1.1. Pioneer-JOMON period
4.1.2. Initial-JOMON period
4.1.3. Initial-JOMON period with PLAIN pottery
4.1.4. Early- and Middle-JOMON period
4.1.5. Late- and End-JOMON period
4.2. "浦ノ田A･B"
4.3. "萩原"
5. Obsidian ＆ SETOUCHI pottery of "天山"
6. No-life-trace in YAYOI ＆ KOFUN period
7. Surrounding Remains in NARA period
7.1. "宝満山23次": Gokturks Tempering Steel
7.2. Pottery of "鉾ノ浦"
8. "安楽寺天満宮" of Duke MICHIZANE in HEIAN period
8.1. Redeveloping from northern "連歌屋"
8.2. Resurrections of "馬場" ＆ "奥園"
8.3. Bronze Factory of "鉾ノ浦" ＆ "五条"
8.4. "安楽寺" grave yard, "浦ノ田Ⅳ"
9. References
SERIES 5 : Ever Burning Zoroaster's Fire
◆Summary
1. In the Beginning
2. SYOBUURA Remains In Late-YAYOI Period
3. YAYOI Pottery In ISHIANA Remains
4. "蔵骨器" (ZOKOTUKI)
4.1. "浦ノ田IV" (Uranota IV)
4.2. "石穴"
4.3. "結ヶ浦" (Musubigaura)
4.4. "紫"
4.5. "二日市"
5. Zoroaster's Fire On Mount TAKAO
6. "碧雲" (Biyun) Temple On Mount HOMAN
7. Ever Burning Fire Of Saint SAICHO
8. References
◆Appendix III. Words
YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO 1 :
WAkoku-TAIRAN and Queen enthrone
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◇ Cover details
Cover photo is the stone monument in front of [西戒壇院, west KAIDANIN]. The first [戒壇院, KAIDANIN] was the TODAIJI Temple. The TODAIJI Temple is also famous as the Big Buddha. The opening eyes event was carried out with the inviting Buddhist from India. [west KAIDANIN] is placed in 5-7-10 KANZEONJI, DAZAIFU-city, FUKUOKA-prefecture, Japan. The words on the stone is "不許軍酒肉入境内". The means are NO-fight, NO-alcohol, and NO-meat. This is "戒律" (KAIRITSU, Ritsu). [KAIRITU] is a rule to be a buddhist.
(33.514442, 130.520846)
◆ References
九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ (right edge, PDF-icons)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/library.html
Kyushu National Museum, kyuhaku.jp
1. [REF.吉ヶ浦2次] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.235 (30MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-235.pdf
高雄地区遺跡群 高雄地区所在の埋蔵文化財発掘調査報告書, 太宰府市の文化財第22集, p5 p8, 太宰府市教育委員会, 1994年.
[REF.YOSHIGAURA 2nd] TAKAO chiku Ruins, Burial cultural property excavation investigation report in TAKAO area, DAZAIFU-city cultural property NO.22, p5 p8, Board of education in DAZAIFU-city, 1994.
* [吉ヶ浦１次, YOSHIGAURA 1st] was not published.
2. [REF.市政だより] 太宰府市, 市政だより, No. 584, 1996. (2MB)
[REF.City News] DAZAIFU-city, Official City News, No. 584, 1996.
https://www.city.dazaifu.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/2026.pdf
3. [REF.柚ノ木] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.359 (19MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-359.pdf
柚ノ木遺跡, 筑紫野市文化財調査報告書第67集, pp.37-38, 筑紫野市教育委員会, 2001年.
[REF.YUNOKI] YUNOKI Remains, CHIKUSHINO-city cultural property investigation reports NO.67, pp.37-38, Board of education in CHIKUSHINO-city, 2001.
4. [REF.御笠地区] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.154 (11MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-154.pdf
御笠地区遺跡群 御笠地区県営圃場整備事業に伴う発掘調査, 筑紫野市文化財調査報告書第15集本文編, p114 p134 p138 p140 p197 p200, 筑紫野市教育委員会, 1986年.
[REF.MIKASA-chiku] MIKASA-chiku Ruins, Excavation investigation with the prefectural cultivated land improvement on MIKASA-chiku, CHIKUSHINO-city cultural property investigation reports NO.15, p114 p134 p138 p140 p197 p200, Board of education in CHIKUSHINO-city, 1986.
5. [REF.永岡岸元] 九博>西都大宰府>資料, No.461 (54MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-461.pdf
永岡岸元遺跡, 主要地方道久留米筑紫野線道路改良工事に伴う埋蔵文化財発掘調査報告1, 筑紫野市文化財調査報告書第91集, 筑紫野市教育委員会, 2007年.
[REF.NAGAOKA KISHIMOTO] NAGAOKA KISIMOTO Remains, Burial cultural property excavation investigation report 1 with the major local KURUME-CHIKUSHINO road construction, CHIKUSHINO-city cultural property investigation reports NO.91, Board of education in CHIKUSHINO-city, 2007.
6. [REF.永岡1次] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.77 (9MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-077.pdf
福岡南バイパス関係埋蔵文化財調査報告第5集 筑紫野市所在永岡甕棺遺跡（本文編）, pp.64-65 p85, 福岡県教育委員会, 1977年.
[REF.NAGAOKA 1st] 5th Burial cultural property excavation investigation report related FUKUOKA south bypass Route 3 construction in Japan, [NAGAOKA KAMEKAN coffin Remains] in Chikushino-city (Text version), pp.64-65 p85, Board of education in FUKUOKA-Prefecture, 1977.
7. [REF.永岡1次図版] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.70 (27MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-070.pdf
福岡南バイパス関係埋蔵文化財調査報告第4集 筑紫野市所在永岡甕棺遺跡（図版編）, pp.3-4, 福岡県教育委員会, 1976年.
[REF.NAGAOKA 1st Illustration] 4th Burial cultural property excavation investigation report related FUKUOKA south bypass Route 3 construction in Japan, NAGAOKA KAMEKAN coffin Remains placed in Chikushino-city (Illustration version), pp.3-4, Board of education in FUKUOKA-Prefecture, 1976.
8. [REF.永岡2次] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.191 (21MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-191.pdf
永岡遺跡Ⅱ, 筑紫野市文化財調査報告書第26集, pp.88-91 p172, 筑紫野市教育委員会, 1990年.
[REF.NAGAOKA 2nd] NAGAOKA Remains Ⅱ, CHIKUSHINO-city cultural property investigation reports NO.26, pp.88-91 p172, Board of education in CHIKUSHINO-city, 1990.
9. [REF.永岡2次速報] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.119 (12MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-119.pdf
永岡遺跡 筑紫野市大字永岡所在墓地群の調査, 筑紫野市文化財調査報告書第6集, 筑紫野市教育委員会, 1981年.
[REF.NAGAOKA 2nd.pre] NAKAGAO,Research of the graves placed in Oaza-NAGAOKA of Chikushino-city, CHIKUSHINO-city cultural property investigation reports NO.6, pp.88-91 p172, Board of education in CHIKUSHINO-city, 1981.
10. [REF.永岡4次] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.374 (7MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-374.pdf
永岡遺跡 永岡遺跡第4次発掘調査, 筑紫野市文化財調査報告書第73集, 筑紫野市教育委員会, 2002年.
[REF.NAGAOKA 4th] NAGAOKA Remains, 4th excavation of NAKAGAO remains, CHIKUSHINO-city cultural property investigation reports NO.73, Board of education in CHIKUSHINO-city, 2002.
11. [REF.永岡遺跡] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.34 (58MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-034.pdf
福岡南バイパス関係埋蔵文化財調査報告第1集 筑紫郡太宰府町・筑紫野町所在遺跡群, 福岡県教育委員会, 1970年.
[REF.NAGAOKA Remains] 1st Burial cultural property excavation investigation report related FUKUOKA south bypass Route 3 construction in Japan, Ruins placed in Dazaifu-machi and Chikushino-machi of Chikushi-gun, Board of education in FUKUOKA-Prefecture, 1970.
12. [REF.永岡総集編] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.108 (4MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-108.pdf
福岡南バイパス関係埋蔵文化財調査報告第9集 総集編, pp.35-39, 福岡県教育委員会, 1980年.
[REF.NAGAOKA] 9th Burial cultural property excavation investigation report related FUKUOKA south bypass Route 3 construction in Japan, Summary, pp.35-39, Board of education in FUKUOKA-Prefecture, 1980.
13. [REF.道場山] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.88 (14MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-088.pdf
九州縦貫自動車道関係埋蔵文化財調査報告 ⅩⅩⅤ 本文篇, 福岡県筑紫野市所在遺跡群の調査, 福岡県教育委員会, 1978年.
[REF.DOJOYAMA] Cultural property excavation investigation report related the Kyushu EXPRESSWAY ⅩⅩⅤ Text version, Excavation investigation of the remains existed in CHIKUSHINO-city of FUKUOKA-prefecture, Board of Education in FUKUOKA-prefecture, 1978.
14. [REF.道場山図版] 九博>西都大宰府>資料ﾗｲﾌﾞﾗﾘｰ, No.89 (57MB)
https://www.kyuhaku.jp/dazaifu/pdf/d-089.pdf
九州縦貫自動車道関係埋蔵文化財調査報告 ⅩⅩⅤ 図版篇, 福岡県筑紫野市所在遺跡群の調査, 福岡県教育委員会, 1978年.
[REF.DOJOYAMA-ILLUST] Cultural property excavation investigation report related the Kyushu EXPRESSWAY ⅩⅩⅤ Illustration version, Excavation investigation of the remains existed in CHIKUSHINO-city of FUKUOKA-prefecture, Board of Education in FUKUOKA-prefecture, 1978.
15. [REF.隈・西小田地区38] 隈・西小田地区遺跡群
隈・西小田土地区画整理事業に伴う埋蔵文化財発掘調査概報, 筑紫野市文化財調査報告書第38集, 本文(p25, p166, pp.287-288, pp.421-423) 附編Ⅰ(pp.4-6, pp.8-9, p26, pp.35-37) 附編Ⅱ(pp.3-5, pp.7-9, 図２-図９), 筑紫野市教育委員会, 1993年. (購入書籍より)
[REF.KUMA-NISHIODA-chiku 38] KUMA-NISHIODA chiku Ruins, Burial cultural property excavation investigation reports with the cultivated land readjustment on KUMA-NISHIODA, CHIKUSHINO-city cultural property investigation reports NO.38, text(p25, p166, pp.287-288, pp.421-423) Appendix Ⅰ (pp.4-6, pp.8-9, p26, pp.35-37) AppendixⅡ(pp.3-5, pp.7-9, figure 2 - figure 9), Board of education in CHIKUSHINO-city, 1993.
(from purchased book, No PDF)
※ The breakdown of [REF.隈・西小田地区38集]（over 1000 pages）
・"内表紙", "序", "例言", "目次"
・"本編"(1st-13th point individually), pp.1-566(No number figure pages inserted are about 40 pages.)
・"附編Ⅰ", pp.1-47(＋photo 3 pages)
・"附編Ⅱ", pp.1-10(＋photo 9 pages)
・"附編Ⅲ", pp.1-25
・"写真図版" (book end, 1st-13th point individuall，subtotal about 200 pages)
1. In the beginning
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YAYOI period of Japan started with the megalith culture as Memphis and Dolmens (jp;"支石墓"). The age was from BC1046 which lost the Shang dynasty and established the Zhou dynasty to BC770 which re-established the East-Zhou dynasty. There is the duration because of successively landing of several group in Japan. The origin of Dolmens is the north Caucasus. And a lot of Dolmens remain along the seaway to East Asia, specially in the important strait. The Dolmens of Northwest Africa and West Europe also came to East Asia.
Queen HIMIKO of "邪馬壹國" (YAMATAI-koku) lived in "吉野ヶ里" (YOSHINOGARI) of the northern of Kyushu Island of Japan at AD183 - AD248. It was in the Late-YAYOI period in Japan.
In the beginning, the geological position would be shown a little, because the East Asia is not famous in the world. Next zoom up the rectangular part.
The map is the East Asia and the South-East Asia. There are lots of the Dolmen Graves in this area.
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In the South-east Asia, the Islands are connected. But these were a continent in 30,000 years ago. In the Malacca Strait, a lot of the Dolmen Graves in the Bronze age remain.In "福建省" (Fujian Province) and "浙江省" (Zhejiang Province) of China, there are also a lot of the Dolmen Graves.In the southern Korean Peninsula, there are also a lot of the Dolmen Grave. There are half of the world's Dolmen Graves here. "화순" (Hwasun, jp;和順) and "고창" (Gochang, jp;高敞) of South Korea was registered as a World Heritage Site.In the Nagasaki prefecture of Japan, there are many Dolmens. The Dolmens so called "支石墓" (Sisekibo) in Japan. Next zoom up the rectangular part.
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The right bottom is the Kyushu Island of Japan. Its north is the Korean Peninsula across a strait sea. Now in the Korean Peninsula, there are "South Korea" (jp;大韓民国, Republic of Korea) and "North Korea" (jp;北朝鮮, Democratic People's Republic of Korea). The west side of the map is "中華人民共和国" (China, People's Republic of China).
There are a lot of Dolmen graves in the Fujian province A of China. This is southern Dolmen group. Here, the southern group was only introduced a little. The southern group crossed the sea directly to the "제주도" (jp;濟州島, Jeju-do) B of the south-west Korea.The Dolmens type in the Fujian Province A of China and Jeju-do B of South Korea is same.
From Jeju-do B, they landed in Hwasun C of South Korea. They made a lot of the Dolmens in Hwasun C. And they also landed in the Nagasaki prefecture D of Japan.
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Dashed line arrow is North-Dolmen group. The origin of North-Dolmen group is mystery. The North-Dolmen is table type. They suddenly appeared in the Liaodong Peninsula of China at BC 16th century. It might be a small jumping migration from the Black sea as a Chasaren and a Kalmyk (Torghut) of 1771 via the side Botai (Aorsi). But the Dolmen type in the Black sea wasn't table type. The North-Dolmen is really north African or western Europe type. They might be ten black suns in the ancient Chinese legendary text. They divided to the south seaside and north mountain area. They would include Boat division and Mountain Equestrian division. The South-Dolmen and North-Dolmen groups were mixed in Gochang of South Korea.
Dot line arrow is "吳" (Wu). They crossed the sea from the Shanghai of China. The south side of Wu is "越" (Yue). After crossing to the Korean Peninsula, they were next-door neighbors again.
From Jeju-do B, they landed in "여수" (jp;麗水, Yeosu) C'. And they made a lot of the Dolmens in Hwasun C which was registered as a World Heritage Site. And they also made several Dolmens in "長崎" (NAGASAKI) prefecture D of Japan. Japanese Dolmens is small. The Chinese direct sea root was mysterious in the ancient Chinese text. The peoples who had gone to the these sea area, were peremptorily imprisoned. And they died a violent and an unnatural death. In the ancient text, "会稽" or "會稽" (Kuaiji) is around "紹興市" or "绍兴市" (Shaoxing) of China, now.
There is no Dolmen in "対馬" (TUSHIMA Island) and "壱岐" (IKI Island)", where are in Nagasaki prefecture now. Therefore the Dolmen crossed directly from Jeju-do to the NAGASAKI prefecture of Japan. As the late "遣唐使" (envoy to Tang Dynasty) used this root in later years, there is this root from way back.
There were several sea roots from northern Kyushu Island at AD150. Bold dot line was a sea root to the Later-HAN of China via "勒島" (NEUKDO-DONG, Neuk-do Island). NEUKDO-DONG was in the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula. GPS: 34.923, 128.037. In this age, the port in south Peninsula was NEUKDO-DONG, not "부산" (jp;釜山, Busan).The bold circle dot line was "山陽" (SANYO) sea root, another name was "瀬戸内" (SETOUCHI) sea root. The dashed dot line was "山陰" (SANIN) sea root, another name was "翡翠" (The Jade) sea root. The arrow line of the west of the Kyushu-Island was a direct sea root from KUAIJI, which was a historical place in Shaoxing of China now. This root was a mysterious because of less information. Next zoom up the rectangular part.
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The figure is the north area of Kyushu Island in Japan。"御笠川" (MIKASA River) is flow to the GENKAI-nada. "宝満川" (JP HOMAN River) joins with "筑後川" (Chikugo River), flows down the prefectural border, and flow to the ARIAKE sea. Next zoom up the circle dot area.
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The circle dot focusing point of the main battle field of "WAkoku-Tairan) is in the FUKUOKA prefecture. Star symbol, "吉野ヶ里" (YOSHINOGARI) where Queen "卑彌呼" (HIMIKO) lived, is in the SAGA prefecture. After WAkoku-Tairan, Queen HIMIKO was co-commended at a considerable distance.
The WAkoku-Tairan started with schistosomiasis liver disease in the JP HOMAN River. Around AD 150, it is around the beginning of the late Middle-YAYOI period in Japan. Until the middle Middle-YAYOI period just before that, excavations have confirmed many large settlements with farming tools on both banks of the JP HOMAN River. However, around AD150, after the late Middle-YAYOI period, all the settlements on both banks of the JP HOMAN River disappeared. And until the 1980s, the confluence of the Chikugo River was the most contaminated area for schistosomiasis. As for the history of schistosoma countermeasures, "住血吸虫" (Schistosoma) and "宮入貝, ミヤイリガイ" (O. h. nosophora) were discovered in the 1900s, and full-scale schistosoma countermeasures were implemented in the 1950s. In the 1970s, countermeasures were taken for the confluence of the Chikugo River, which was the final largest area of Schistosoma Pollution in the JP HOMAN River. And in the 1980s, complete extermination of schistosoma from the JP HOMAN River was completed.
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The Schistosoma Pollution of the JP HOMAN River began around the beginning of the late Middle-YAYOI period (around AD 146) in Japan's time division. Due to the Schistosoma Pollution of the JP HOMAN River, it became a historical flow of the WAkoku-Tairan and the enthronement of Queen Himiko. At "永岡遺跡" (NAGAOKA Remains), "隈・西小田地区遺跡群" (KUMA-NISHIODA-chiku Ruins 38), and "横隈遺跡" (YOKOGUMA Remains), the so-called JP HOMAN River West Bank, a large number of headless and severe War-wound skeletons have been excavated.
The main types of Jar-Coffins in which the skeletons were placed were type Ⅱa-Ⅱc at "NAGAOKA" on the upstream side and type Ⅲa-Ⅲc at "Kuma-Nishioda-chiku" on the downstream side. It can be inferred that the Schistosoma Pollution spread from upstream to downstream at "NAGAOKA" a little earlier (older). Although it is not in the West Bank area, "吉ヶ浦遺跡1次" (YOSHIGAURA Remains 1st) , which is located just upstream of NAGAOKA, was cut off in the late of the Middle-YAYOI period when the settlement became a burial area leaving many Jar-Coffin Graves. (The report has not been published yet.) "柚ノ木遺跡" (YUNOKI Remains) next to YOSHIGAURA is also discontinued, leaving a large number of Jar-Coffin Graves in the late of the Middle-YAYOI period. The report does not mention the type of the Jar-Coffin. We put pictures of the Jar-Coffins in YUNOKI mentioned later. "御笠地区遺跡" (MIKASA-chiku Remains) are abnormal because there are no traces of paddy fields or anything.
As "＋" symbol in the figure, around AD150, around the beginning of the late Middle-YAYOI period, The point which schistosoma appeared in the upstream of the JP HOMAN River is nearby YOSHIGAURA, YUNOKI, MIKASA-chiku, NAGAOKA. “Nearby” is ambiguous. But we will look at the Starting-Point in more detail in the text.
The eastern side of the JP HOMAN River is "投馬国" (TOUMA-koku). It's just that this time it doesn't come up as much of a topic. "邪馬台国" (YAMATAI-koku) is located on the west side of the JP HOMAN River, which is almost in Saga Prefecture at present-day as YOSHINOGARI ruins of "女王之所都" (Queen HIMIKO's capital). However, "永岡" (NAGAOKA), "隈･西小田" (KUMA-NISHIODA-chiku), and "横隈" (Yokokuma), which are the so-called "West Bank" (the west bank of the JP HOMAN River), are outside Saga Prefecture, even though they are on the west side of the JP HOMAN River. We get the impression that the schistosomiasis scars are still there. The JP HOMAN River flows south, but the basin of the MIKASA River, which flows north, is "奴國" (NAkoku).
The focusing area is in circle dot line. Symbol "＋" Point A is the schistosoma Starting-Point of the JP HOMAN River in the Middle-YAYOI period. Dashed line is the watershed of the two river. The WEST BANK (bottom right) of the JP HOMAN River,it would seem that this riverside must be the final main battle field with a big army in the end stage of WAkoku-Tairan.Typical Headless and severe War-wound skeletons were excavated. Its battle finished just before the Queen HIMIKO enthroning. WAkoku-Tairan and schistosoma tightly related to the Queen HIMIKO enthroning.
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The Starting-Point of JP HOMAN River is point A in the figure. We'll take a closer look this time. On the other hand, the MIKASA River has three Starting-Points ("ABC" in the figure). "A" overlaps with the schistosoma Starting-Point of the JP HOMAN River. Is "B" a single "B" Starting-Point or ABC simultaneous multiple Starting-Point ? "C" has no ruins from the YAYOI period and the Kofun period. Only cremated skeletons of unknown age.
In this series, we will looked at "遺跡" (Remains) all of this area. However there are about twenty Remains as just looking. First, we will group the picked up Remains by small area. Many Remains Japanese names will appear.
And the excavation reports of each Remains would be read.
1.1. Grouping of Remains
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"吉ヶ浦" (YOSHIGAURA), "柚ノ木" (YUNOKI), "永岡" (NAGAOKA), "隈・西小田地区" (KUMA-NISHIODA-chiku), these four Remains are important as a Starting-Point of schistosoma in "宝満川" (JP HOMAN River) of FUKUOKA-prefecture of Japan. "YOSHIGAURA) is important also as a Starting-Point of the schistosoma in "高尾川" (Takao River). Symbol "NO-trace" shows no life-trace. "御笠地区" (MIKASA-chiku) is a Ruins in a small rice field of the JP HOMAN River side, but there is "no life-trace) in the Early-YAYOI period and the Middle-YAYOI period.
"貝元" (KAIMOTO) is not the Starting-Point of the schistosoma. Because this Remains continued for the YAYOI period. And KAIMOTO draw water from "山口川" (Yamaguchi River). It is called "井手" (ide). Therefore the Yamaguchi River also is not the Starting-Point of the schistosoma. "針習" (HARISYU) is not the Starting-Point of the schistosoma. Because this Remains continued for the YAYOI period. "道場山" (DOJOYAMA) is the other Starting-Point of the schistosoma of "鷺田川" (Sagita River).
"天満宮" (TENMANGU), "浦ノ田" (URANOTA), "奥園" (OKUZONO), "馬場" (BABA), these four Remains are important as the other Starting-Point of the schistosoma in "御笠川" (MIKASA River) of FUKUOKA-prefecture. The origin in this area is "藍染川" (Aizome River). Only crematorium and cremation skeleton remained. And in these four Remains, there is no-life-trace in the YAYOI period.
"石穴" (ISHIANA), "菖蒲浦" (SHOBUURA), "結浦" (MUSUBIGAURA), "二日市" (FUTUKAICHI), "紫" (MURASAKI), these five Remains are not the Starting-Point of the schistosoma. Geographically this group is in the middle of above two groups. But this group independent about above two groups. Therefore above two groups are related on foot.
- "経塚" (KEIZUKA), "地蔵" (JIZO) are not a Remains. These are a pin point appearing around each Remains. The peoples reject the Starting-Point of the schistosoma using JIZO. The mountain priest and buddhist reject the Starting-Point of the schistosoma using KEIZUKA. The peoples are JIZO faith, the mountain priest and buddhist are KEIZUKA faith. And these JIZO and KEIZUKA really represent the boundary from the earliest the schistosoma in FUKUOKA on site.
※ KEIZUKA & JIZO
No.1, KEIZUKA, "原経塚B" *1
No.2, KEIZUKA, "宝満経塚A" *1
No.3, KEIZUKA, "武蔵経塚" *1
No.4, JIZO, "夜泣き地蔵"
33.52475, 130.53412
No.5, JIZO, "太宰府地蔵尊"
33.51370, 130.53549
No.6, JIZO, "旭地蔵尊"
33.51649, 130.52484
No.7, JIZO, "稲子地蔵"
33.51750, 130.50312
No.8, JIZO, "六地蔵尊(筑紫野市) "
33.49258, 130.52430
No.9, JIZO, "牛島地蔵" *2
33.48910, 130.54420
No.10, JIZO park, "地蔵公園"
33.49889, 130.54196
*1 The excavated relics were displayed in the museum.
*2 A small stone plate on the ground.
In this section, YOSHIGAURA, YUNOKI, NAGAOKA, KUMA-NISHIODA-chiku, and MIKASA-chiku are focused. This group is important about below.
(a) The Starting-Point at the earliest stage of Schistosoma Japonicum in the JP HOMAN River
(b) The main site of WAkoku-Tairan
(c) The Starting-timing of WAkoku-Tairan is a instant judgment.
(d) First move masterpiece is WA Military Honor.
1.2. Revision Of Late-YAYOI Period
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Queen HIMIKO “事鬼道，能惑衆” was noted in the Records of Three Kingdoms in China, Book of Wei, Volume 30, Biographies of the Wuhuan, WA.
Japan's Late YAYOI period is greatly shortened compared to conventional theories. According to the conventional theory, a large number of the graves by schistosoma in a short period (later half Middle-YAYOI period) had been the natural death. In other words, the conventional theory assumes that the mass death (the number of Jar-Coffin Graves), which is close to annihilation, is divided by the number of dwelling sites, and that the ruins are hundreds of years old. Here, the upper figure shows the calibrated ages which is corrected for schistosoma.
The Late-YAYOI period, or Queen Himiko period, lasts for 65 years (AD 183-248). Before AD 183, there was the WAkoku War of about 38 years. Furthermore, there is a reign of a male king for about 88 years before that. The Starting-Point of the reign of this male king is the NAkoku's King who is recorded in AD 57 during the period of Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han Dynasty. In Japan, it is in the Middle-YAYOI period. This is the climax of NAkoku, which began at the beginning of the Middle-YAYOI period.
The Middle-YAYOI period in Japan is divided into four periods: the earliest, the early, the middle, and the latter. It's a little hard to understand.
"弥生前期末-弥生中期初頭" :
The Final of the Early-YAYOI period - the Earliest age of the Middle-YAYOI period is around BC200-BC109. The 3,000 children, which brought by Xu Fu, reverse the power distribution. NAkoku becomes dominant.
弥生中期前葉" :
The Early of the Middle-YAYOI period is around BC108-AD30. Around BC108, the Former Han Dynasty advanced to the Korean Peninsula and established the Four Han-guns. A large army of the Former Han Dynasty appeared in front of the northern Kyushu Island, so we think that there was some kind of political change.
"弥生中期中葉" :
The Middle of the Middle-YAYOI period is around AD30-AD146. The Former Han Dynasty fell once due to the Xin dynasty, but the administration of the Xin dynasty for about 30 years was unpopular with neighboring countries. So I think that there was no big change in the NAkoku system. However, since the pit dwellings in the Fukuoka Plain of northern Kyushu Island of Japan have changed from circular to rectangular, it seems that there were internal changes. In China, the Eastern Han dynasty was revived by Emperor Guangwu. At AD 57 in the figure, NAkoku was awarded a gold seal by Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han dynasty. However, Emperor Guangwu died the following month. Since "燕" (Yan) of the Hebei and the Liaoning Province of China was deeply involved in Emperor Guangwu's accession to the throne, the awarding of gold seals to the NAkoku and YAMATAI-koku kingdoms which came from the Shandong Province of China may have been unpopular in the Eastern Han court. The type of earthenware Jar-Coffins in the Middle-YAYOI period in northern Kyushu was type I and continued for a long period of time.
"弥生中期後葉" :
The Late of the Middle-YAYOI period is around AD146-AD183. Around AD 146, schistosoma suddenly appeared in the upper reaches of the JP HOMAN River, and NAkoku, which had been ruled by male kings for about 88 years, collapsed. The WAkoku TAIRAN began. In other words, the main cause of the WAkoku TAIRAN was the sudden appearance of schistosoma. The WAkoku TAIRAN lasted for 38 years. In the Eastern Han, it is recorded as Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling. The WAkoku TAIRAN age = the latter of the Middle-YAYOI period.
"弥生後期" :
The Late-YAYOI period (Queen HIMIKO age) is around AD183-AD248. The WAkoku TAIRAN is the main reason for Queen HIMIKO's accession to the throne. At the end of the Ling Emperor period of China, Queen Himiko was co-opted and enthroned in YOSHINOGARI of SAGA prefecture of Japan. The WAkoku TAIRAN ended.
Soon after, Queen Himiko might pay tribute to the Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There is an iron sword with gold inlay excavated from the Todaijiyama Tumulus in Japan and engraved with the name of the '中平' era of the Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han. High purity of gold. Furthermore, the iron sword is also inlaid as "百煉". Therefore the iron sword is made by "炒鋼法", which is a manufacturing method that still exists only in the Han Dynasty at that time. From these, there is no doubt that '中平' iron sword was made directly by the iron officials of the Han Dynasty.
※ However, the records in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China disappeared due to the Yellow Turban Rebellion. The whereabouts of HIMIKO's record in the Eastern Han and the Cao Wei of the Three Kingdoms will be seen in detail in the next issue YAMATAI-koku Himiko 2 "Erased Eastern Han Tribute".
And Queen HIMIKO for sixty five years, the Late-YAYOI period started in Japan.
In this book, below three events are focused.
Suddenly the Schistosoma Japonicum appeared at the final age in the middle Middle-YAYOI period in the HOMAN River of FUKUOKA-prefecture of Japan. It might be AD146.
WAkoku-TAIRAN was in the later Middle-YAYOI period from AD146 to AD183.
Queen HIMIKO was enthroned at the earliest Late-YAYOI period. It was able to be AD183.
Here, the start of the WAkoku-Tairan is set as AD 146, and the truce of the WAkoku-Tairan and Queen HIMIKO's accession to the throne is set as AD 183. Why AD146 and AD183? We will also talk about this in the next issue, YAMATAI-koku Himiko 2 "Erased Tribute to Later HAN".
