YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO 1 (4): WAkoku-TAIRAN and Queen enthrone
8.7. But lost in BC200-AD100
At BC202, the HAN Dynasty unified a whole China. In northern Kyushu Island of Japan, the jar coffin group of “NA-koku” and “YAMATAI-koku” brought under their control. The ONGA-River-style Pottery had existed continuously in northern Kyushu Island. But the main is the Jar-Coffin group. The HAN Dynasty of China have been for 2 hundreds years. But at AD8, the HAN Dynasty was usurped by the Xin dynasty. But the policy of the Xin Dynasty didn’t do well. It had a bad reputation with the peoples of the surrounding countries. At AD25, the Later HAN Dynasty was founded by the Emperor Guangwu. The Emperor Guangwu presented the Gold Seal to the King of NA-koku of “倭” (WA) in north Kyushu Island. But the Emperor Guangwu died one month later.
Here it again become to the mythic story. Just at that time, on the far away west , Roma, Saint Paul declared the Gospel. From BC200 to AD100, that is, for 3 hundreds years of NA-koku period, the ONGA-River-style Pottery perfectly had lost the control. But the Later HAN of China perfectly has weakened from AD100.
8.8. DOJOYAMA in hot spring town
Why did DOJOYAMA with the radicalization so much in hot spring town attack YAMATAI-koku ?
From the Final of the Early-YAYOI to the Earliest age of the Middle-YAYOI period, both of them were the same Jar-Coffin group, co-operated, and got the control. It seems that the cause is the losing the control in the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula around AD100. The base of NA-koku in the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula, Neuk-do, vanished around AD 100. At AD57, the King of NA-koku was presented the Gold Seal from the Later HAN Dynasty and were in the heyday. The royal graveyard of Gimhae have continued the Wooden-Coffin graves after AD100. But after AD150, the royal graveyard of Gimhae was changed the supremacy of its from the Wooden-Coffin to the Wooden-Chamber Graves. Only the royal graves was changed from the Wooden-Coffin to the Wooden-Chamber. On the other hand, large amounts of Wooden-Coffin Grave were excavated in “Shioikake” of the Inunaki River basin of the ONGA River tribute of northern Kyushu Island after AD150. Wooden-Chamber Grave is the burial system of North China and the west Liao, the Yan Kingdom and the Qi State. “鉄戈” (jp;Tekka, Iron Halberd), which is the characteristic weapon of North China, started to be also seen in northern Kyushu Island of Japan. The next figure is Iron Halberd, which was excavated in DOJOYAMA in hot spring town.
[REF.道場山図版,PL.61 PL.62]，[REF.道場山,p175Fig.118]
It is at early half of WA-koku- TAIRAN, AD150-160, because it was excavated out side of “立岩(古)” (Tateiwa-type Old) Jar-Coffin grave K-100.
At the same period, in northern Kyushu Island of Japan, the Iron Dagger-axe of the next figure were excavated. 5 and 7 of the Iron Dagger-axe were excavated in “立岩堀田”. These are in good condition of preservation and the confident Iron Dagger-axe. It can be considered that these are the highest quality presents from the ONGA-River-style Pottery to the local native village.
In Daeseong-dong Tombs of Gimhae of the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula, the appearance of the Wooden-Chamber Graves of the horse-riding peoples is after AD300. For AD150-300 before that, the Wooden-Chamber Graves of Daeseong-dong Tombs of Gimhae is the no-horse-riding peoples.
[REF.道場山,pp176-177Fig.119]
8.9. Origin Of halberd in DOJOYAMA
Here we will search the origin of the Iron Halberd of DOJOYAMA in hot spring town and Tateiwa. The first Dagger-axe appeared at BC 500s as the bronze Dagger-axe in the Yan Kingdom and the west Liaoning of North China. The Dagger-axe is the original of North China. Moreover at BC 400s, the independent type of the west Liaoning appeared. The transition shows in the next figure.
Here we search the Bronze Dagger-axe, which is similar to the shape of the Iron Dagger-axe of DOJOYAMA and Tateiwa. In the right bottom of the figure, “遼東” column at BC 200s, a small “八河川鎮 20” of Dandong, where is in historical An-dong, is just like the shape of DOJOYAMA and Tateiwa. Just above “太平湾外望江村 19” of its is also just like DOJOYAMA and Tateiwa. These are the lineage of the independent type of the west Liaoning. The prototype of the independent type of the west Liaoning had appeared at BC 400s in “干道溝 14”. It seems that the Dagger-axe changed from “燕国” (Yan Kingdom) type to the independent type of the west Liaoning. And for BC 300s and 200s, it spread from the west to east Liaoning.
銅戈の起源と系譜 (KOBAYASHI Seiji, p229,2014)
ユーラシア東部における青銅器文化(弥生青銅器の起源をめぐって, 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 第185集, p229, 小林青樹, 2014年2月, Bronze Cultures Around Eastern Eurasia at 1st Millennium BC and the Origin of YAYOI Bronzeware, KOBAYASHI Seiji.
Chifeng of “潦西” (west Liaoning) is also the area, where the independent “辽宁式铜剑” initially appeared around BC 900s. The Iron Dagger-axe is the copy of the shape of the Bronze Dagger-axe. Therefore the origin of the Iron Dagger-axe of DOJOYAMA and Tateiwa is the route as follows. That route is in order, “Chifeng of west Liaoning at BC 400s”, “丹東 (Dandong) of east Liaoning at BC 200s”, “blank period by HAN and Eastern HAN (BC200-AD150)”, “Wooden-Chamber Graves of Gimhae of the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula at AD150 (NO-riding-horse peoples)”, “landing in Ashiya of northern Kyushu Island of Japan”, and “Tateiwa and DOJOYAMA”.
In BC 200s, the final of the Age of the Warring States of China, the Yan Kingdom extended its military power even further the west and east Liaoning. In the north outside of “長城” (Great Wall of China), “東胡” (Donghu) or “胡” (Hu) of the riding-horse peoples existed. The Yan Kingdom constructed the Wall, which is shown as brown color bold line in the figure. And its Wall was as the defense to the north riding-horse peoples, “Hu”. Chifeng and the Darling River region are the inside of the Wall. In short, Chifeng was under the control of the Yan Kingdom as a NO-riding-horse peoples. And in the inside of the Wall, Chifeng had taken charge of “guard” against the north riding-horse peoples. “満” (Man) under the Yan Kingdom defected to North Korea of “Gija Joseon”. “満” offered and was taken charge of “guard” of the west side of “Gija Joseon”. But “満” attacked and defeated “Gija Joseon”. And “満” had ascended the throne until BC108. (a story of fading out on the history)
There is the common point in “guard”. It seems that this “満” is the powers of Chifeng and the Daling River region of the west Liaoning. It is the independent Halberd of the west Liao type. At that time, the powers of Chifeng and the Daling River region crossed the Yalu River and spread to North Korea. It’s an achievement “満”. But at BC108-AD150, the direct power of the HAN and Eastern HAN Dynasty spread to northern Korean peninsula. “Lelang Pottery” of the Lelang Commandery of northern Korean Peninsula had been in the heyday. But the powers of old “満” revived from around AD150 in association with starting to decline on the Later HAN. Moreover in Gimhae of the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula, the Halberd of NO-riding-horse of Chifeng and the Daling River region revived at AD150 as the Wooden-Chamber Graves. “満” fading out on the history landed in north Kyushu Island. “衛満” is the power in the west Liao and the Daling River basin. Here “満” may be the Bronze factory of “辽宁式铜剑”, which is the original type of the Narrow-type Bronze Sword of the west seaside of the Korean Peninsula. “辽宁式铜剑” is also called “琵琶型” (Biwa-type) Bronze Sword. “満” is different with Wooden-Coffin Grave of “汐井掛” (Shioikake) group. It indicates that symbol “☆” ① and ② ③ ⑥ ⑧ of the figure is “満” of Bronze Sword. And symbol “☆” ④ is “Shioikake”. And “満” appeared in “井尻B” (Ijiri B) of Minami-ku of Fukuoka-city and “須玖岡本” (Suku-Okamoto) of Kasuga-city of FUKUOKA Prefecture as Bronze factory at the Late-YAYOI period.
8.10. Strange match with XIANBEI “鮮卑”
In the Later HAN of china, at AD146, Emperor Huan enthroned. According that, the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula also moved. At AD150, the royal graveyard of Gimhae had changed from Wooden-Coffin grave to Wooden-Chamber Graves. But the Stone Chamber graves and Jar-Coffin Graves were also existed around there. In that time, around AD150-160, the Jar-Coffin of Gimhae becoming the pregnant body, which landed in the ONGA River basin, is “立岩式(古)”.
On the other hand, strange things happened in Xianbei of the Mongolian Plateau at AD150. Born from a woman who became pregnant by eating a haze, “檀石槐” grew up and led Xianbei of Mongol. “檀石槐” plundered the north border area of China. The plundering have continued until the death of “檀石槐” during AD178-183, which is the Guanghe era period of the Later HAN. From the successor of “檀石槐”, Xianbei took a hereditary system. And “和連” had succeeded. But “和連” was shot and killed at AD189 because of being incontinent. Considering above, the hereditary “和連” of Xianbei is equivalent to the winner of WA-koku-TAIRAN, who could not be King, that is, “黃巾賊” of China at the same period of AD184-189.
These “檀石槐” and “和連” of Xianbei of the Mongolian Plateau is the loose tracing of the JP HOMAN River of northern Kyushu Island of Japan. In the JP HOMAN River of northern Kyushu Island became pregnant by schistosomiasis from AD150. And “倭國大亂” happened. At AD183, Queen HIMIKO enthroned from the lost side of “倭國大亂”. Just after enthroning, she brought the tribute to the Later HAN Dynasty. But in the Later HAN, “黃巾賊” happened at AD184. The Imperial message against the tribute of Queen HIMIKO was interrupted. “詔” is the answer from the Emperor of the Later HAN to the tribute countries with the cap rank and the presents. At AD189, “黃巾賊” was repressed and Queen HIMIKO received “中平” Iron Sword from the Later HAN. From AD190, the control of Queen HIMIKO started really. From AD190, it is in the Early of the Late-YAYOI period in Japan. For AD183-189, it is in the Earliest age of the Late-YAYOI period.
8.11. Wooden-Chamber Grave in YUNOKI
In the Late of the Middle-YAYOI period, the Iron Dagger-axe of Tateiwa and DOJOYAMA (Symbol ▽ in figure) is the independent type of the west Liaoning. In the same period, Jar-Coffin type of Tateiwa and DOJOYAMA is the same “立岩式(古)”. Going back to the Jomon period, “DOJOYAMA 2nd” and “MIKASA-chiku E” just south of “YUNOKI” is the same vertical-long flake technique of the obsidian tools. This vertical-long flake technique is also seen in faraway Nagano-city of Nagano Prefecture, where the Chikuma River and the Sai River joined. In the upstream of there, the obsidian of Yatsugatake exists. The Sanin Seaway and Hokuriku Seaway to northern Kyushu Island were identified by “阿曇” or “安曇” (Azumi). “安曇野” (Azumino) local name remains in NAGANO Prefecture of Japan.
On the other hand, after AD150, that is, WA-koku-TAIRAN period, the group of Wooden-Coffin graves appeared in the Inunaki River basin of the ONGA River tributary. It is “汐井掛” (Shioikake). The relics of this Shioikake is similar with Iraijyaku of series “YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO SEQ2” and Sentoyama of series “YAMATAI-koku HIMIKO SEQ4”. We will look at the details in each books.
Here we focus on Wooden-Chamber Grave of “柚ノ木 ST04” (YUNOKI) at the Late of the Middle-YAYOI period (Symbol “□” in figure). Wooden-Chamber Grave is also identified in “スダレD54” (SUDARE) at the same period. Therefore we can consider the route, which the activity range is from Ashiya – SUDARE – NAKA/TERAO – “遠賀団印” (ONGA-DANIN Seal of the KOFUN period is excavated), and to YUNOKI ST04. This route follows the old path, when the ONGA-River-style Pottery appeared around BC700. There are also old Wooden-Chamber Grave at the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period, around BC200. They are “HIE SX03”, “KAMATAHARA 6”, and “SUDAREスダレD35”.
Here we look at in order as follows.
(ⅰ) What is Wooden-Chamber Grave ?
(ⅱ) Old grave in the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period.
(ⅲ) New grave in the End of the Middle-YAYOI period.
(ⅰ) What is Wooden-Chamber Grave
[REF.柚ノ木,p43]
＜Original＞ “北部九州の弥生中期と思われる木槨墓のうち、被葬者の階層が比較的高いと思われる状態で検出されたものはスダレ遺跡D35号墓、比恵遺跡SX03号墓、鎌田原遺跡6号木槨墓である。また、スダレ遺跡D54号墓、吉野ケ里遺跡Ⅲ区SP0912は、一般的な墓地内にあり、特に他の墳墓と区別した埋置は行われていないようにみえる。時期的には前者が中期前葉頃と推定され、後者は柚ノ木ST04を含め、やや時期が降るのではないかと思われる。 このことから木槨墓は弥生時代中期前葉に北部九州に比較的高い階層の被葬者の墓制のひとつとして採用され、その後、柚ノ木STO4やスダレ遺跡D54号墓のように2段掘りの形態を持つもののように在地的な要素を取り込み、墓制上の規制を弱めつつ、他の木棺墓や土壙墓に近い墓制として存在したのではないかと考えられる。しかし、類例の少なさは、この墓制の選択に際して、何らかの要因が依然として存在していたことも伺われる。” ＜TRANS＞-
In northern Kyushu Island, at the YAYOI period, the burial system is as follows. The Early-YAYOI period is Wooden-Coffin Grave. The Middle-YAYOI period is Jar Coffin Grave overwhelming. The Late-YAYOI period is Wooden-Coffin Grave, Stone-Boxed Grave, and Hole-Pit Grave. In northern Kyushu Island, Wooden-Chamber Grave was excavated only in several places. But the royal graveyard of Gimhae of the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula, which is the major place to import the iron tools at the YAYOI period, is Wooden-Chamber Grave by No-riding-horse peoples for AD150-300 and Wooden-Chamber Grave by riding-horse peoples for AD300-400. In the YAYOI and the KOFUN period, more accurately for 250 years of AD150-400, the royal graveyard of Gimhae of the iron tools factory had been Wooden-Chamber Grave throughout. But there are only several case of Wooden-Chamber Grave in northern Kyushu Island. It can be considered that the case, which the royal families of Gimhae themselves landed in and settled in, is a little.
Looking at the later, after AD400, Gimhae practically disappeared by making the expedition of the King Jangsu of Goguryeo Jian. This expedition is inscribed into the “Gwanggaeto Stele.” The major iron workmen of Gimhae were hauled to Silla. And a part of them scattered to Tsuyazaki of north Kyushu Island and Izumo of Sanin of Japan. In Tsuyazaki, there are the forging factories and Tsuyazaki Tumulus at AD 400s. “西谷墳墓群” (Nishidani Funbogun) of Izumo is the same “四隅突出墳丘墓” with “妻木晩田” (Mukibanda YAYOI Settlement Site). These are made from AD100 a little old. In Tsuyazaki, Izumo and “青谷上寺地” (Aoya-Kamiziti) of the same Sanin, the traces of the Tubercle Caries remain. The stories of the Papilloma also remain locally. After all, at AD500, it seems that the iron factories complex of Japan were integrated into “遠所” or “遠處” of the Tango Peninsula of Kyoto Prefecture.
(ⅱ) Old grave in Early of Middle-YAYOI
We will look at “KAMATAHARA 6”, “HIE 6th SX03”, and “SUDARE D35”.
“鎌田原遺跡6号木槨墓“ (KAMATAHARA 6 Wooden-Chamber Grav )
[REF.柚ノ木,p40]
＜original＞ “鎌田原遺跡は、遠賀川の最上流部に位置する。木棺墓8基(内木槨墓1基)土壙墓1基、甕棺墓10基(大型棺10基・小型棺1基)を主体部とする墳丘墓である。木槨墓は6号木槨墓とされ、墳丘墓の中心的な位置で検出された。7号木棺墓を切り、2号木棺墓、5号甕棺墓(中期中葉)、7号甕棺墓(中期中葉)に切られる。6号木槨墓をはじめ副葬品を持つ墓が多く、6号木槨墓、8号・9号甕棺墓に細型銅戈もｋ1本、3号木棺墓にヒスイ製獣形勾玉1点、小型勾玉6点、碧玉製管玉177点、7号木棺墓に磨製石鏃6点が副葬されている。また、2号木棺墓から細形銅剣切先、7号・8号木棺墓から磨製石剣切先が出土し、全体に占める割合は比較的高い。当然、墓地の形態や副葬品から、この墳丘墓に埋置されるのはこの地域の首長的な性格の人物、それに近い人々の墓と考えられる。”＜TRANS＞-
“Wooden-Chamber Grave 6” of “KAMATAHARA” is at the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period. Narrow-type Bronze Halberd was buried. It is the independent Halberd of the west Liao type around BC200. (see also 8.9) It is before the copying to Iron Halberd. In the Wooden-Coffin graves, the broken Point pieces of Stone-Sword and Bronze-Sword were excavated. These are indicated the battle traces from the Final of the Early-YAYOI to the Earliest age of the Middle-YAYOI period. And the supremacy changed to the large-size Jar-Coffin Grave group from the Early to the Middle of the Middle-YAYOI period.
“比恵遺跡6次 SX03号墓” (HIE 6th SX03 Wooden-Chamber Grave)
[REF.柚ノ木,p40]
＜original＞ “比恵遺跡はthe FUKUOKA Plainの中央部に残るAso4火砕流台地上にある。中期前葉から後期初頭の甕棺墓44基、木棺墓、土壊墓7基(内木槨墓1基)が検出された。東西に間隔を空けて並列するSX03号木槨墓(中期後葉の小児棺に切られる。)、SK17(中期前葉)・18(中期後葉)号甕棺墓、SK28号甕棺墓(中期前葉)を方形に取り巻くように中期中葉から中期末を主体とする甕棺が埋置される。SK28号甕棺墓には細型銅剣が副葬され、比恵ムラの盟主的人物であると考えられ”＜TRANS＞-
＜original＞ “SX03木槨墓からSK28甕棺墓にかけて並列する4基の墓は、その配置からSK28号甕棺墓に近い人物の物と思われる。”＜TRANS＞-
It seems that here is the royal graveyard of “HIE” village. In these, “SK28”, which was buried the Narrow-type Bronze-Sword, is the founder. And “Wooden-Chamber Grave SX03”, “Jar-Coffin Gave SK17”, “Jar-Coffin Gave SK18”, and “Jar-Coffin Gave SK18”, these 4 graves is the near persons to the founder “SK28”, that is, the mainstay of the royal family. Only “Jar-Coffin Gave SK18” is at the Late of the Middle-YAYOI period. Others 3 graves are at the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period. It is the special feature that there is not the royal grave at the Middle of the Middle-YAYOI period. At the Middle of the Middle-YAYOI period, there is no royal family in “HIE” village. Because the supremacy had perfectly by NA-koku, which is Jar-Coffin Grave system, at the Middle of the Middle-YAYOI period.
[REF.柚ノ木,p40]
＜original＞ “また、SX03号墓についても「..墓壙南壁上にSK16甕棺墓(中期後葉)が営まれており、少なくともこれより古い造営時期にあたり、また覆土中からも中期中葉に降る土器類の発見はなく中期前葉甕棺墓との切り合い関係もなく、SK17・28甕棺墓と並列する位置にある点でこれらよりやや古いか或いは同時期に位置づけられる可能性が高い。」とされる。”＜TRANS＞-
One of the mainstay graves of the royal family is “Wooden-Chamber Grave SX03” at the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period. However at the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period, the founder of “HIE” village was “Jar-Coffin Gave SK28”, which is buried the Narrow-type Bronze-Sword. “Wooden-Chamber Grave SX03” and “Jar-Coffin Gave SK17” existed as the sub founder. The battle traces from the Final of the Early-YAYOI to the Earliest age of the Middle-YAYOI period are founded only in Wooden-Coffin Graves. In this period (the Earliest age of the Middle-YAYOI period), a large numbers of the Point pieces of the Stone Sword and the Bronze Sword were excavated in Wooden-Coffin Grave on anywhere of northern Kyushu Island. But in the next Early of the Middle-YAYOI period, Wooden-Chamber Grave exists as a sub founder. In the battle time between Wooden-Coffin Grave and Jar-Coffin Grave from the Final of the Early-YAYOI to the Earliest age of the Middle-YAYOI period, it seems that Wooden-Chamber Grave had been the side of Jar-Coffin Grave or neutral. Therefore in the next Early of the Middle-YAYOI period, Wooden-Chamber Grave is the sub founder. But in the next Middle of the Middle-YAYOI period, Jar-Coffin Grave got perfectly the control. And there is no Wooden-Chamber Grave in “HIE” village.
“スダレ遺跡D35号墓” (SUDARE D35 Wooden-Chamber Grave)
[REF.柚ノ木,p38-p40]
＜original＞ “スダレ遺跡は甕棺墓が主体を占める福岡平野から佐賀平野にかけての地域とは、峠をひとつ越えた遠賀川水系沿いの平野部に位置する。付近には立岩遺跡があるが、どちらかというと木棺墓、土壙墓を墓制の主体とする地域である。墳墓は木棺墓32基(内木槨墓2基)、土壙墓17基、木棺墓か土壙墓か不明なもの6基、甕棺墓15基からなるが、甕棺は大型のものは2基で、墓地の主体は木棺墓、土壙墓である。墓域は東西に長く延びる形状を呈し、D33号墓と木槨墓であるD35号墓間は木棺墓、土壙が密集して見られ、中心域かと思われる。…小型棺は全て中期前葉とされる。小児棺と切り合いをもつD10・33・35号墓はいずれも後者のほうが古い。また、D34号木棺墓、D35号木槨墓には標石と思われる石が置かれ、D35号木槨墓はさらに供献品と思われる中期前葉の丹塗り土器が4個体分散在していた。 もう1基はD54号木槨墓で、西にD52号D53号木棺墓、東にD55号土壙墓と一列に並んで検出された。”＜TRANS＞-
“SUDARE D35” of Wooden-Chamber Grave, which Red-lead Painted Pottery of the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period was buried, is at the Early of the Middle-YAYOI period. “D35” Wooden-Chamber Grave was placed in the center of the graveyard. In the same ONGA River basin, “KAMATAHARA” was conquered by 10 large-size JAR-Coffin Grave. But in “SUDARE”, there are only 2 large-size JAR-Coffin Grave. That place has the characteristic, which the large-size Jar-Coffin Grave did not enter into the village. Only in “SUDARE”, there is the possibility of having been an independent village without interfering from Jar-Coffin Grave.
(ⅲ) New grave in End of Middle-YAYOI
In the Late of the Middle-YAYOI period, in “SUDARE”, another Wooden-Chamber Grave “D54” appeared, But here, we look at only Wooden-Chamber Grave “ST04” of “YUNOKI”. In YUNOKI, “YUNOKI Tumulus” “1号墳” and “2号墳” on the upper layer were researched previously. In the center right of the photo, we can see the small white prefab house. The back of its had been “YUNOKI Tumulus” “2号墳”. The left pond is “YOSHIGAURA Pond”. The road passed through the lateral direction on the figure bottom is Prefecture Road NO.65. In this “2号墳”, the surprised relics had been excavated. The Iron Sword is. The Bronze Sword and Iron Sword indicate the founder of the village. In the case of the immigrant soldier of Stone-boxed Grave at the Late-YAYOI period, the large Iron Sword was buried normally. But this is the local native small village. The Iron Sword buried indicate the meaning of the village founder.
The graves of the YAYOI period were excavated under the layer of this “2号墳” of “YUNOKI” Tumulus.
The whole view of “柚ノ木 (Chikushino-city)”
[REF.柚ノ木,p13]
＜Original＞ “柚ノ木第2号墳の墳丘下から東側にかけて検出された甕棺墓、木棺墓を主体とする墳墓群である。甕棺墓が22基(SK18・SK22欠番)、木棺墓・土壙墓が11基、木槨墓が1基検出された。南側から西側にかけては土取りにより失われている。” ＜TRANS＞-
These 22 Jar-Coffin Grave are “立岩式(古)” Jar-Coffin Grave of “YUNOKI”, which were looked at in “8.3” and “8.4”.
[REF.柚ノ木,pp37-38]
＜Original＞ “小さな谷を挟み西側の丘陵部には吉ヶ浦遺跡がある(太宰府市1992)。高雄団地住宅地造成に伴って昭和46年に福岡県教育委員会により発掘調査が行われた。弥生時代の主な遺構としては竪穴式住居跡10棟、木棺墓18基、甕棺墓78基がある。甕棺墓は中期後半から後期初頭を主体とするもので、木棺墓は甕棺との切りあい関係から中期中頃に位置づけられている。時期的には、同時期の墳墓群であり、柚ノ木遺跡の古い土取りにより失われたと思われる数を想定しても吉ヶ浦遺跡の半分にも及ばないのではないかと思われる。柚ノ木遺跡は吉ヶ浦遺跡に小谷を隔てて隣接すること、時期がほぼ同じこと、数が遥かに下回ること等の比較が可能で、このことから、吉ヶ浦遺跡を母集団とするする一集団の墳墓で、その長としてSK16が想定される。” ＜TRANS＞-
The west side of “YOSHIGAURA” pond is “YOSHIGAURA” village. “YOSHIGAURA” is a normal graveyard, which has only one shell arm ring. The branch village from “YOSHIGAURA” is the graveyard of “YUNOKI” village at the YAYOI period. In above of its, that is, at the KOFUN period, the iron sword, which indicate the symbol of the whole village leader, was excavated. The story starts to go a little strange. When had the branch village “YUNOKI” of the normal village “YOSHIGAURA” been the leader of the whole village ? It seems that the solving of this strange story may be in a small Wooden-Chamber Grave ST04 of “YUNOKI” graveyard of the YAYOI period. Moreover we will look at the details.
[REF.柚ノ木,pp37-38]
＜Original＞ “柚ノ木2号墳下より甕棺墓および、木棺墓、土壙墓、木槨墓からなる墳墓群はそのSTO6とSK23・24の関係や、主軸方向が最寄りの甕棺、その他の墓を問わず幾つかの纏まりをもつ点などから、それぞれの別々の時期に造営されたとは考えにくく、ひとつの墓地として考えてよいと思われる。また造営期間も同様の理由で長いものではなく、立地的に最も高い所に大型の甕棺を埋置するSK16を中心に、その南側斜面に造営された墓地群と考えられる。墳墓はSK15・16・19等の等高線に直交する主軸を持つグループ、ST03-05やSK06・08等の等高線に平行する主軸を持つグループ、STO1・02やSK10・11等のSK15・16・19と同方向の主軸を持つグループが、柚ノ木2号墳主体部が造られる頂部を「コ」字状に囲むように造営され、さらにその下方の東斜面にSTO8・09、SK07等が営まれる。”＜TRANS＞-
＜Original＞ “時期は立岩式の段階から造営が始まり・・”＜TRANS＞-
“YUNOKI” established the branch village from “YOSHIGAURA” village at “立岩式(古)” period. And the independent YAYOI graveyard of “YUNOKI” started as the leader of large-size Jar-Coffin Grave “SK16”. 22 Jar-Coffin Grave is the most mainly burial system. But 11 Wooden-Coffin Grave and Hole-Pit Grave also exist. northern Kyushu IslandのMiddle-YAYOI period のWooden-Coffin Graveと言えば、丘陵最下段か土手の下の別区域に画一的に並ぶ画一化され奴隷兵の墓制のイメージが強いですが、The Wooden-Coffin Grave of “YUNOKI” is a little different. They made Wooden-Coffin Grave freewheelingly. The position is on the concentrated area of the halfway of the hill. 集落内での地位も完全に甕棺墓と同等の配置です。
[REF.柚ノ木,p32]
＜Original＞ “木棺墓・土壙墓はSTO4を除く11基が検出された。形態はバラエティーに富んでいる。明確に木棺墓と思われるのは棺の痕跡が認められたSTO3・09、木口や側板を設置した掘方が認められたSTO8がある。また、ST07も一方の木口側に粘土が何かを押さえるように検出された状況から木棺墓としておきたい。STO1・02・05・06・11は主体が幅の狭い長方形プランを呈す掘り込みとなっており、土壙墓とするのが妥当と考える。ST12は小型の土壙墓である。ST10はいわゆる横口式の土壙墓と考えられる。STOSはSK13に、STO6はSK24・23に切られるが、特に後者の状況はST06を意識した小児棺の配置であり、甕棺墓と造営の時期的な差はあまり無かったのではないかと推測される。また、木棺墓・土壙墓の主軸も等高線に平行なものと、直交するものがあるが、隣接する甕棺の主軸方向の群とほぼ同じ方向を示す。”＜TRANS＞-
In next, we will look at “YUNOKI ST04” Wooden-Chamber Grave, which is focusing now. In previous figure, “ST04” exists around the gathered center. It is more under the cray layer of “ST05”, which is cut by “SK13”. It is the oldest grave in the YAYOI graves of “YUNOKI”, which started at “立岩式(古)” period. We consider that it is at the earliest age of the Late of the Middle-YAYOI period, that is, around AD150. The position is a little under the large-size Jar-Coffin of the leader on the top of the small hill. It is on the halfway up the small hill. It is relatively the superior position in the graveyard of “YUNOKI”, which is as the branch village of neighbor “YOSHIGAURA” village. It might be the son-in-law of the daughter of the leader “SK16”.
“柚ノ木ST04” (YUNOKI ST04) Wooden-Chamber Grave
[REF.柚ノ木,p32]
＜Original＞ “STO4は墓壙とその床に棺壙をもつ二段掘り込みの墳墓である。墓壙の東側壁下には側板の掘りこみが認められ、西壁下の北側にも確認された。木口部の掘り込みは確認されなかったが、側板は墓壙側壁下全体に掘り込みが延びることから、側板で木口を挟み込む形態の木槨がほぼ墓壙いっぱいに設けられていたと推定される。さらに墓壙中央は棺が掘り込まれ、近い例では永岡遺跡2次調査1号、9号木棺墓(筑紫野市教育委員会1990)のように木蓋が架けられていたと思われる。この構造から棺部の掘り込みの上に組み合わせ式の木槨が作られていたと考えられる。”＜TRANS＞-
Before the starting of WA-koku-TAIRAN, AD150, northern Kyushu Island, especially the FUKUOKA, SAGA, and TSUKUSHI Plain were perfectly in the control of Jar-Coffin group. It seems that Wooden-Chamber Grave ST04 of YUNOKI was a spearhead who thrusted himself into the very center of the control range of Jar-Coffin group. At the same period, AD150, the royal graves of Gimhae of the south seaside of the Korean Peninsula changed to Wooden-Chamber Grave (No-riding-horse). The royal graves of Gimhae had been Wooden-Coffin Grave until that. At AD300, the royal graves of Gimhae changed to Wooden-Chamber Grave (Riding-horse) and had continued until AD400. Even being the difference of NO-riding-horse and Riding-horse, the royal graves of Gimhae, which is the base of the iron making factory, had been the burial system of Wooden-Chamber Grave for two hundreds fifty years from AD150 to AD400. For this period, Gimhae had extremely affected to north Kyushu Island and moreover the whole of the west Japan as the iron making factory.
The solution to the pending question, “When did YUNOKI of the branch family become the leader of the village?”, was in the wooden chambers grave of the King Tomb of Gimhae.
8.12. Scenario 2’(from ③)
As in Scenario 2, the Mouse ② “永岡” (NAGAOKA) swam upstream and destroyed ① “柚ノ木” (YUNOKI). However, the Starting-Point of the schistosoma is in ③. And it propagates from ③ “水田” (paddy field) to ② “川遊び” (playing children in the river). And the Mouse ② make ① “柚ノ木” (YUNOKI) disappear. It was the Mouse that destroyed ① “柚ノ木” (YUNOKI). It is similar to Scenario 2, but with a few differences. This is ,Scenario 2’. However, after this, it will be summarized as Scenario 2.
